Bir insan\u0131n hayat\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bir mesle\u011fi, ailesi, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, korkular\u0131 ve g\u00fcndelik bir ritmi vard\u0131r. Sabah uyan\u0131r, konu\u015fur, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, yorulur, susar. Fakat Yalom\u2019u okurken as\u0131l meselenin bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnen d\u00fczenin alt\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. \u0130nsan yaln\u0131zca ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylardan ibaret de\u011fildir; o olaylar\u0131n i\u00e7inde neye tutundu\u011fu, neden ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hangi sorunun etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durdu\u011fu ile de var olur.<\/p>\n
Irvin Yalom\u2019un varolu\u015f\u00e7u psikoterapisi, insan\u0131 hastal\u0131k belirtilerine indirgemez. Onun derdinin, insan\u0131n derinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel hakikatlerle ilgili oldu\u011funu sezerim: \u00f6l\u00fcm, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k ve anlams\u0131zl\u0131k. Bunlar yaln\u0131zca psikolojik sorunlar de\u011fil, varolu\u015fun sert ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onlara \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ac\u0131 duyar; fakat bazen tam da o ac\u0131, uyanman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Yalom\u2019un bu d\u00f6rt meselesini insan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki temel \u00e7ekirdekler gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. \u00d6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, insanda gizlenmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn ertelenmi\u015flikleri uyand\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, insan\u0131 kendi se\u00e7imleriyle y\u00fczle\u015fmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla kurulan ba\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Anlams\u0131zl\u0131k ise belki en derin yar\u0131klardan biridir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131, haz\u0131r anlamlar\u0131n yetmedi\u011fi noktada kendi i\u00e7indeki hakikat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na iter.<\/p>\n
Fakat bu temel meseleler tek ba\u015f\u0131na yetmez. Onlar, insan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme temas etti\u011finde canlan\u0131r. Yalom\u2019un terapi odas\u0131n\u0131 tam da b\u00f6yle bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm. Dan\u0131\u015fan oraya yaln\u0131zca konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in gelmez; kendi i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k korkular\u0131n, bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arzular\u0131n ve yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f c\u00fcmlelerin bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gelir. Terapist burada d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan h\u00fck\u00fcm veren biri de\u011fildir. Daha \u00e7ok, insan\u0131n kendi i\u00e7indeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6rmesine yard\u0131m eden dikkatli bir tan\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yalom\u2019un romanlar\u0131nda ve terapi anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda bu y\u00fczden kuru bir \u00f6\u011freti havas\u0131 yoktur. Nietzsche A\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Schopenhauer Tedavisi ya da A\u015fk\u0131n Cellad\u0131 gibi metinlerde insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle de\u011fil, yara ile a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Felsefe orada kitap raf\u0131ndan inip insan y\u00fcz\u00fcne yerle\u015fir. Nietzsche\u2019nin gururu, Schopenhauer\u2019\u0131n karamsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dan\u0131\u015fan\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131, korkusu ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc erteleme \u00e7abas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zeminde bulu\u015fur. Yalom\u2019un g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de burada belirdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm: Felsefeyi soyut bir kulede de\u011fil, insan\u0131n titreyen sesinde arar.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada bilgiye dair daha geni\u015f bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bilgi yaln\u0131zca elde edilen bir sonu\u00e7 de\u011fildir; kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmayla a\u00e7\u0131lan canl\u0131 bir ba\u011flamd\u0131r. \u0130nsan bir c\u00fcmle duyar, bir kay\u0131p ya\u015far, bir hastal\u0131kla y\u00fczle\u015fir, bir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sessiz kal\u0131r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131nca bunlar s\u0131radan olaylar gibi durabilir. Fakat do\u011fru d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme temas ettiklerinde insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7 d\u00fczenini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler.<\/p>\n
Yalom\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm meselesine yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bu derinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm. \u00d6l\u00fcm, sadece hayat\u0131n sonu de\u011fildir; hayat\u0131 ciddiye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran en \u00e7\u0131plak ger\u00e7ektir. \u0130nsan \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011funu ger\u00e7ekten sezdi\u011finde, zaman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7en bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlar. Ertelenmi\u015f sevgiler, s\u00f6ylenmemi\u015f s\u00f6zler, cesaret edilememi\u015f kararlar birden y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6l\u00fcm fikri, insan\u0131 karanl\u0131\u011fa kapatmak yerine bazen sahici ya\u015fama do\u011fru iter.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck meselesi de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak ister, fakat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi sorumluluktan \u00fcrker. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc se\u00e7im yapmak, se\u00e7mediklerimizin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc de ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. Yalom\u2019un d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda insan, kaderin pasif bir nesnesi olarak kalamaz. Kendi hayat\u0131na kat\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Bunu, insan\u0131n kendi ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 fark etmesi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. \u0130nsan yaln\u0131zca ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlerden olu\u015fmaz; onlara verdi\u011fi cevapla da bi\u00e7imlenir.<\/p>\n
Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k ise Yalom\u2019da en ince yaralardan biridir. \u0130nsan ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla ya\u015far, konu\u015fur, sever, ba\u011flan\u0131r; yine de kendi i\u00e7 deneyiminin son noktas\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131nad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 kimse bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ta\u015f\u0131yamaz. Fakat bu yaln\u0131zl\u0131k mutlak bir kopu\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmez. Tam tersine, insan\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na daha d\u00fcr\u00fcst yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Kendi yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r etmeyen ki\u015fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da daha merhametli bakar.<\/p>\n
Anlams\u0131zl\u0131k meselesinde ise anlam\u0131n haz\u0131r bir kal\u0131p gibi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verilmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. Anlam, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyle i\u00e7indeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsan bazen anlam\u0131 bulmaz, onu ta\u015f\u0131r. Bazen de anlam, insan\u0131n ac\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkide yava\u015f yava\u015f belirir. Bir kay\u0131p, bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ya da uzun s\u00fcren bir sessizlik, do\u011fru ba\u011flamda insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeni bir anlam alan\u0131 a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
Yalom\u2019un terapi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu y\u00fczden yaln\u0131zca tedavi edici de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda felsefi bir davettir. \u0130nsana \u201csorunun nedir?\u201d diye sormakla yetinmez; \u201cbu sorun seni hangi hakikatin e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi?\u201d diye de sorar. Ben bu soruda terapinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yanlar\u0131ndan birini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm. Her kriz yaln\u0131zca bozulma de\u011fildir; bazen daha derin bir d\u00fczenin kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Her sars\u0131nt\u0131, insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131 duran ba\u015fka bir kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131 uyand\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
Burada iki d\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki ince fark\u0131 da ay\u0131rt etmek gerekir. Yalom, insan\u0131n varolu\u015fsal kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok psikoterap\u00f6tik d\u00fczlemde ele al\u0131r. Daha geni\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imi ise ayn\u0131 kayg\u0131lar\u0131 varl\u0131k, anlam ve ba\u011flam ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde okumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yalom bireyin i\u00e7 odas\u0131na girer; daha geni\u015f bak\u0131\u015f, o odan\u0131n zamanla, ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla ve b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ili\u015fkisini de yoklar. Biri insan\u0131n yaras\u0131na e\u011filir, di\u011feri o yaran\u0131n hangi ba\u011flamda titre\u015fti\u011fini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu iki d\u00fczeyi bulu\u015fturan as\u0131l yerin, insan\u0131n haz\u0131r cevaplarla iyile\u015femeyece\u011fi fikri oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm. \u0130nsan bazen \u00f6\u011f\u00fctle de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmayla de\u011fi\u015fir. Bir terapistin sessizli\u011fi, bir kitab\u0131n tek c\u00fcmlesi, bir \u00f6l\u00fcm haberi, bir r\u00fcya, bir pi\u015fmanl\u0131k ya da bir dostun bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7imizdeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme dokunabilir. O temas an\u0131nda bilgi soyut olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar; insan\u0131n etine, sesine, karar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yalom bize insan\u0131n ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kendi hakikati oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bununla birlikte, bu ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n bile b\u00fct\u00fcnden kopuk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; her sapman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaya zemin haz\u0131rlayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan bazen anlam\u0131 do\u011frudan bulmaz. Yanl\u0131\u015f yollardan, eksik sevgilerden, k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f c\u00fcmlelerden ge\u00e7erek ona yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
San\u0131r\u0131m en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f burada kurulabilir: \u0130nsan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken bir problem de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir ba\u011flamd\u0131r. Onu yaln\u0131zca te\u015fhis ederek anlayamay\u0131z. Onu dinlemek, korkular\u0131n\u0131n hangi temel kaynaktan do\u011fdu\u011funu, hangi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi ba\u011flamda yeniden akabilece\u011fini sezmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
Terapi odas\u0131nda konu\u015fan ki\u015fi, asl\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fini anlatmaz. Kendi varolu\u015funun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yoklar. \u00d6l\u00fcmle, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle, yaln\u0131zl\u0131kla ve anlams\u0131zl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken i\u00e7indeki sessiz soruyu duyulur h\u00e2le getirir: \u201cBen bu hayat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten ya\u015f\u0131yor muyum?\u201d<\/p>\n
Kesin bir h\u00fckme varmak istemem. Yaln\u0131zca \u015funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm: \u0130nsan, kendi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc fark etti\u011fi anda ak\u0131\u015f ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bir insan\u0131n hayat\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bir mesle\u011fi, ailesi, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, korkular\u0131 ve g\u00fcndelik bir ritmi vard\u0131r. Sabah uyan\u0131r, konu\u015fur, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, yorulur, susar. Fakat Yalom\u2019u okurken…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-felsefe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}