{"id":13,"date":"2025-01-18T16:15:29","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T13:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/?p=13"},"modified":"2025-01-18T16:15:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T13:15:29","slug":"leibniz-ve-panlectic-felsefe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/?p=13","title":{"rendered":"Leibniz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evreni anlamaya y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri, kimi zaman kendi i\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck fikrine, kimi zaman da ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli yeniden bi\u00e7imlenen bir ak\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelir.<\/p>\n

Bu iki e\u011filim, Leibniz\u2019in monadoloji kuram\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/p>\n

Leibniz\u2019in monadoloji kuram\u0131, ilk e\u011filime yak\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bu kurama g\u00f6re evren, monad ad\u0131 verilen basit birimlerden olu\u015fur. Her monad, kendi i\u00e7inde evrenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131r; ancak di\u011fer monadlarla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkiye girmez. Bu nedenle monad, bir yandan kapal\u0131 bir t\u00f6z niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan evrensel d\u00fczenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir aynas\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Leibniz\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda i\u00e7selli\u011fin belirleyici bir konumda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Evren, monadlar aras\u0131ndaki do\u011frudan etkile\u015fimden \u00e7ok, onlar\u0131n \u00f6nceden kurulmu\u015f uyumu \u00fczerinden kavran\u0131r. Tanr\u0131, bu uyumu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kurar ve d\u00fczenin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece her unsur, ilahi plan i\u00e7inde \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir yere sahip g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Monad\u0131n i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 da evrenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kendi i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapal\u0131 monad fikri, evren tasavvurunu yer yer dura\u011fan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Unsurlar, ba\u015ftan belirlenmi\u015f bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde konumlanm\u0131\u015f gibidir; ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ise \u00f6nceden hesaplanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck duygusunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir; ancak s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7indeki hareketi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ikinci plana itme e\u011filimi ta\u015f\u0131yabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130li\u015fkilere dayal\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7iminde ise vurgu, i\u00e7sellikten kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalara kayar. D\u00fczen, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir kez kurulmu\u015f ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131 olarak de\u011fil; temaslar, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar i\u00e7inde yeniden bi\u00e7imlenen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin topluluklar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmesi yeni bir anlam ufku a\u00e7abilir. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, tarihsel bir olay bir devletin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirerek siyasal alan\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede d\u00fczen, donmu\u015f bir \u015fema olmaktan \u00e7ok, s\u00fcrekli yeniden kurulan bir denge olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Leibniz, \u201cen iyi olas\u0131 d\u00fcnya\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle deneyimi a\u015fk\u0131n bir plana ba\u011flar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k burada \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan soru \u015fudur: Olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir deneyim hangi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilir? Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan her kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma yeni olas\u0131l\u0131klar do\u011furabilir. S\u00f6z konusu olas\u0131l\u0131klar sabit kalmaz; yeniden da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r, birle\u015fir ve farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ak\u0131\u015f, kendini tekrar eden kapal\u0131 bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak derinle\u015fen bir sarmal bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak Leibniz\u2019in monad anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, evrenselin her birimde ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrini ve i\u00e7selli\u011fin felsefi \u00f6nemini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde ortaya koyar. \u0130li\u015fkisel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ise kapal\u0131 t\u00f6zler yerine ili\u015fkilerin canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kurulmu\u015f uyum fikrinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar i\u00e7inde yeniden kurulan denge anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirir. Bu do\u011frultuda monadlar\u0131n i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lan ve hareket h\u00e2linde kalan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck fikriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evreni anlamaya y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri, kimi zaman kendi i\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck fikrine, kimi zaman da ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli yeniden bi\u00e7imlenen bir ak\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelir. Bu iki e\u011filim,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-felsefe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agfocert.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}